The age of consent in France is 15 years, as stipulated in article 227-25 of the Criminal Code, which provides: „Except in cases of rape or sexual assault referred to in Chapter II, Section 3, of this title, sexual assault of a minor under fifteen years of age for an adult shall be punishable by seven years` imprisonment and a fine of 100,000 euros.“ [30] Until 1971, homosexual acts were prohibited. After decriminalization, the age of consent was set at 18 for homosexual acts and 16 for heterosexual acts. [28] In 1999, the age of consent for all sexual acts was harmonized at 16. [29] The age of consent in Russia is 16. However, as in many countries, the age of consent in Russia has changed several times. The Criminal Code of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) stipulates that consent takes place at the time when „sexual maturity“ has been reached. It was set at 16 years in 1996 when the Russian Criminal Code was introduced, lowered to 14 years in 1998 and postponed to 16 years in 2003. In Russia, there is no law on age limits. However, articles 134 and 135 of the Criminal Code, which set out the conditions for legal rape, stipulate that the perpetrator must be at least 18 years of age to be legally responsible, creating roughly the same protection as an age clause. Before 2013, the legal age of consent in Croatia was 14.
Homosexual acts were illegal until 1977, when Croatia, then the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, amended its penal code. The age of consent was changed in 1998. In Montenegro, the age of consent is set at 14 years, in accordance with article 206 of the Criminal Code. Article 207 prohibits a teacher, trainer, guardian, adoptive parent, father-in-law, mother-in-law or any other person in a similar position from abusing his position or authority to have sexual intercourse or an act of equality with a minor (under 18 years of age) in charge of teaching. education, care and care. Article 209, paragraph 2, prohibits a person from „organizing debauchery, an equivalent act or any other sexual act against a minor“. Article 216 prohibits „extramarital union with a minor“ Article 216 provides that: (1) An adult living in an extramarital relationship with a minor shall be punished by imprisonment from three months to three years. 2. A parent, adoptive parent or guardian who permits or induces a minor to live in an extramarital union with another person shall be liable to a penalty provided for in paragraph 1. [85] Given that weed is not permitted, it is not surprising that other drugs such as ecstasy and cocaine are also illegal. „I started looking around and saw that there were discussions about their law, especially in Sweden,“ he told Grapevine.
„I wanted to say it explicitly in the law that sex without consent is rape.“ Today, the Icelandic parliament passed a law that stipulates the requirement of consent if you say „yes“; Instead of not being told „no“. The age of consent in Georgia is 16 years according to article 140 of the Criminal Code of Georgia and 141 years. [36] Male homosexuality has been illegal under section 175, regardless of age, since 1872. Female homosexuality has not been prosecuted. In West Germany, male homosexuality was legalized in 1969. The age of consent was set at 21 and lowered to 18 in 1975. Only men over the age of 18 may be delinquents and the courts may refrain from punishing if the offender is not yet 21 years of age. In the GDR, the penal code was supplemented in 1957 by a provision that allowed prosecution to be waived if socialist society had not been harmed by the illegal act. With regard to article 175, this means that male homosexual acts are prosecuted only if they concern minors, i.e. persons under the age of 18. The new Penal Code of 1968 officially legalized homosexuality and criminalized only homosexual acts committed by adults with minors in Article 151, which is now gender-neutral.
In 1987, the GDR Supreme Court ruled that homosexuality, like heterosexuality, was a variant of sexual behavior. In 1989, section 151 was repealed and section 149 amended to include any sexual orientation. According to the Treaty of Åland, Finnish federal law is applied as a minimum standard. The age of consent is therefore 16. In the 1990s, the Netherlands gained international attention with its age of consent policy. Between 1990 and 2002,[89] a de facto age of consent of 12 was introduced in the Netherlands, subject to restrictions. The relevant law, passed in November 1990, allowed sexual intercourse for young people between the ages of 12 and 16 in most cases, but allowed parents or the child protection authority to challenge the challenge if there was evidence of exploitation. [90] Although the age of consent was often set at 12 internationally, this was partly misleading, as sexual acts remained punishable until the age of 16. The Netherlands has gained an international reputation for being extremely liberal on sexual issues, some of which are due to exaggerated reporting in foreign media and claims by foreign politicians, rather than based on reality.
For example, in the 1980s, some conservative activists in the United States claimed that children were being sold as sex slaves at „auctions“ in Amsterdam, but presented no evidence to support their claims. [91] Age of consent laws vary considerably from country to country. Most countries require young people to be at least 14 years old before having sex. But there are exceptions. Angola and the Philippines have both set the age of consent at 12, the lowest in the world. Several other countries, including Niger and Japan, have set the age of consent at 13 – although Japan has notoriously inconsistent consent laws that give different ages of consent ranging from 13 to 20 depending on where you are in the country. In addition, several countries in Asia and Africa require individuals to be married before they can legally have sex. These include Libya, Afghanistan and Saudi Arabia, all of which are very conservative on issues of gender and sexuality. The Romanian Criminal Code currently sets the age of consent at 16[101], in line with legislative changes made in 2020.
[102] The age of consent in Moldova is 16, in accordance with Article 174 – „Sexual intercourse with a person under 16“ and Article 175 – „Perverse acts“. [6] The age of consent in Turkey is the age of majority (set at 18 years according to Article 11 of the Turkish Civil Code). A person over the age of 21 may have sexual intercourse with a person who is 14 years of age or older, but not yet 16 years of age, provided that his or her inability to self-determine sexually is not exploited. If this is the case, the youngest person should file a complaint against the person over 21 years of age in order to take legal action. Sexual acts performed without consent or with violence in any situation are illegal. Until 1962, same-sex relations were illegal in Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia 140/1961 Sb. The penal code introduced this year still provided that „sexual intercourse with a person of the same sex“ (Article 244) was a criminal offence, but only covered persons over the age of 18 who had had sexual intercourse with a person under the age of 18. Between adults, receiving or providing payment and public nuisance have been criminalized.In 1990, § 244 was completely repealed by Czechoslovak Act 175/2009 Sb of 01.07.2009. 1. Anyone who is of age and performs a significant sexual act between the ages of 14 and 16 or causes it to be performed by him with others, abusing his inexperience, shall be punished by imprisonment for a term of up to 2 years. Prior to 2008, the age of consent for heterosexual and lesbian sexual acts in Northern Ireland was still 17. The Japanese Penal Code was introduced in 1907 and sets the age of consent at 13. Any sexual activity with a person under the age of 13 is considered legal rape and can carry a prison sentence of up to 20 years. However, Chapter 34 of the Child Protection Act also prohibits „fornication“ with children (defined as persons under the age of 18). There is a rule of confidence whereby the age of consent is raised to 18. The passage mentioned above continues: „The same applies to a person who commits an act referred to in the first paragraph against a child over fifteen years of age but under eighteen years of age and who obeys the offender or is in his custody or has a similar relationship with him, or for which the offender is responsible by decision of a State authority.
Until 1961, homosexual acts were illegal. After decriminalization, the age of consent for homosexual acts was 20 and remained so until 1978. Until 1999, the age of consent to such acts was set at 18 years, in accordance with article 199. In 2002, the Hungarian Constitutional Court repealed Article 199 and the age of consent for homosexual acts was lowered to 14 for heterosexual acts. The Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000 came into force throughout the United Kingdom in January 2001, equalising the age of consent at 16 for heterosexual and homosexual acts (including lesbian acts for the first time), irrespective of gender, except those between a 16-17 year old and a person „in a position of trust“ (e.g. a teacher). if the age of consent has been raised to 18. Until 1998, homosexual acts between men were totally prohibited under Article 171 (1929). In 1989, Alecos Modinos, president of the Cypriot gay liberation movement, brought a case before the European Court of Human Rights. In 1993, the Court ruled that the prohibition of homosexual acts constituted a violation of Article 8. In January 1995, the Cypriot Government submitted a bill to the Cypriot Parliament which would have lifted the ban.
